At a glance
- CAS number
- 57-13-6
- INCI name
- Urea
- Function
- humectant, keratolytic, active, solvent, preservative
- Typical use level
- 2%–40%
- Solubility
- water
- Stable pH
- 4–7
CAS number and synonyms are sourced from PubChem. Function, usage levels, pH and compatibility are AI-assisted formulation guidance — verify against your supplier's technical data sheet and applicable regulations before use.
Also known as
urea carbamide Carbonyldiamide Ureophil Carbonyldiamine Ureaphil Keratinamin Urevert Alphadrate Aquadrate Carbaderm Pastaron
Compatibility
Works well with:
Glycerin Hyaluronic Acid Lactic Acid Niacinamide Panthenol Allantoin Ceramides Shea Butter Sodium PCA Xanthan Gum
Use caution with:
Strong Oxidizers Formaldehyde Strong Acids Strong Bases Nitrites
Urea hydrolyzes under extreme pH conditions (very low or very high), releasing ammonia and reducing efficacy; it should be kept in a pH range of 4–7 for stability. At elevated temperatures or in the presence of nitrites, urea can form nitrosamines, a safety concern. Avoid combining with strong oxidizing agents as degradation of the molecule may occur.
Formulation notes
Low concentrations (2–10%) act primarily as a humectant and skin-conditioning agent; higher concentrations (20–40%) are keratolytic and used in foot care or treatment products. EU Cosmetics Regulation permits urea in rinse-off and leave-on products; concentrations above 10% may cause mild irritation on sensitive or compromised skin. Formulate at cool-to-moderate temperatures to prevent hydrolysis during manufacturing.
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