At a glance
- CAS number
- 123-99-9
- INCI name
- Azelaic Acid
- Function
- active, antioxidant, antimicrobial
- Typical use level
- 5%–20%
- Solubility
- oil
- Stable pH
- 3.5–5.5
CAS number and synonyms are sourced from PubChem. Function, usage levels, pH and compatibility are AI-assisted formulation guidance — verify against your supplier's technical data sheet and applicable regulations before use.
Also known as
azelaic acid Finacea Anchoic acid Lepargylic acid 1,7-Heptanedicarboxylic acid Azelex Skinoren Heptanedicarboxylic acid 1,9-Nonanedioic acid Emerox 1110 Emerox 1144 n-Nonanedioic acid
Compatibility
Works well with:
Niacinamide Zinc PCA Salicylic Acid Glycerin Allantoin Panthenol Ceramides Hyaluronic Acid Retinol
Use caution with:
High pH bases Strongly alkaline buffers Triethanolamine (high concentrations)
Azelaic acid requires a low pH environment (3.5–5.5) for stability and efficacy; strongly alkaline ingredients can form azelaic acid salts, reducing activity. It is poorly water-soluble and typically requires propylene glycol, PPG, or other solubilizers to disperse uniformly in aqueous formulas. Combinations with other keratolytic actives like salicylic acid or retinol can enhance efficacy but may increase irritation risk.
Formulation notes
Azelaic acid is a prescription-strength active at 15–20% (e.g., Finacea, Skinoren) for acne and rosacea; OTC cosmetic use is typically 5–10%. Poor solubility requires careful formulation; often used as a micronized suspension or dissolved in glycols. Generally well tolerated but may cause transient tingling or erythema. No specific EU/US leave-on concentration restriction as a cosmetic, but efficacy is concentration-dependent.
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