At a glance
- INCI name
- Carbomer
- Function
- thickener, emulsifier, suspending agent, gel former
- Typical use level
- 0.1%–2%
- Solubility
- water
- Stable pH
- 5–9
CAS number and synonyms are sourced from PubChem. Function, usage levels, pH and compatibility are AI-assisted formulation guidance — verify against your supplier's technical data sheet and applicable regulations before use.
Compatibility
Works well with:
Glycerin Hyaluronic Acid Niacinamide Allantoin Panthenol Aloe Vera Triethanolamine Sodium Hydroxide Aminomethyl Propanol Xanthan Gum
Use caution with:
High Electrolyte Salts Cationic Surfactants Benzalkonium Chloride Strong Acids L-Ascorbic Acid Ethanol (high %)
Carbomer requires neutralization (typically with NaOH, TEA, or AMP) to develop viscosity; high electrolyte concentrations collapse the polymer network and drastically reduce gel strength. Cationic surfactants and quaternary ammonium compounds form precipitates or cause phase separation due to charge interaction with the anionic carbomer backbone. High concentrations of ethanol (>20%) or low-pH actives like L-Ascorbic Acid can destabilize or thin the gel.
Formulation notes
Disperse in water before neutralizing to avoid lumps; use at pH 5.5–8 for optimal viscosity and skin compatibility. Multiple grades exist (940, 941, 980, Ultrez series) with differing clarity, electrolyte tolerance, and thickening efficiency. Generally recognized as safe at typical cosmetic use levels.
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