In a single formula, combining niacinamide with high-concentration glycolic or lactic acid forces a pH conflict — AHAs need pH 3–4 for exfoliation efficacy, which is below niacinamide's optimal range. The standard approach is to keep them in separate product steps rather than one formula. A formulation brief posted on AJ Cosmo Labs can specify this requirement so matched chemists propose compliant solutions from the start.
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